Defining scope

Nível: HSK 5 | Categoria: Gramática

Explicação da Regra:

To specify "more than" or "less than" a certain amount, or "within" a certain amount, you're going to want to use some of these common words: 以上 (yǐshàng), 以下 (yǐxià), 以内 (yǐnèi), and 以外 (yǐwài). All are "nouns of locality," or 方位词 in Chinese. 以上 and 以下 mean "more than"/"above" and "less than"/"below," respectively. Generally they are non-inclusive, meaning that when you say 十岁以下 you mean "less than ten years of age," up to ten, but not including ten years old. In actual usage, however, this fine point may sometimes be fudged a little. Amount / Level + 以上 / 以下 Literally, 以内 and 以外 mean "within" and "outside." This spatial meaning can be extended to all kinds of abstracted meanings, as you will see below. Note that 以外 often combines with 除了 .

Exemplos com Falantes Nativos:

• 我老家空气还不错，PM2.5一般在五十以下。 (wǒ lǎojiā kōngqì huán bùcuò，PM2.5 yībān zài wǔshí yǐxià 。): "The air in my hometown is not bad, PM2.5 is generally below fifty."
• 我们需要有两年以上工作经验的人。 (wǒmen xūyào yǒu liǎng nián yǐshàng gōngzuò jīngyàn de rén 。): "We need people with more than two years of work experience."
• 十岁以下的孩子不用买票。 (shí sùi yǐxià de háizǐ bùyòng mǎi piào 。): "Children under ten years old do not need to buy tickets."
• 我们出差都住三星级以上的酒店。 (wǒmen chūchà dū zhù sān xīngjí yǐshàng de jǐudiàn 。): "We are staying in hotels with more than three stars on business trips."
• 这里的冬天气温都在零度以下。 (zhèlǐ de dōngtiān qìwēn dū zài língdù yǐxià 。): "Winter temperatures here are below zero."

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