Result complements

Nível: HSK 2 | Categoria: Gramática

            Fórmula Sintática: Subj. + (没) + Verb + Adj. (+ Obj.)
          

Explicação da Regra:

Result complements come immediately after verbs to indicate that an action has led to a certain result and make that result clear to the listener. Often the complement is simply an adjective like 好 (hǎo) or a single syllable like 完 (wán). 好 (hǎo) implies that something is done to completion or done well. Forming a result complement with 好 has a very similar meaning to forming one with 完. It expresses that the action has been completed successfully. 错 (cuò) is used to express that an action has been performed incorrectly in some way, resulting in a mistake (错). This pattern covers what is often expressed with the adverb "incorrectly" in English. Other adjectives commonly used as result complements include: 晚 (wǎn), 饱 (bǎo), 坏 (huài), 清楚 (qīngchu), 干净 (gānjìng), 破 (pò). For the basic structure, you'll almost always see a 了 after the complement: Subj. + Verb + Adj. + 了 (+ Obj.) To negate a result complement, use 没 instead of 不: Subj. + 没 + Verb + Adj. (+ Obj.) • 你吃好了吗？Nǐ chī hǎo le ma?Are you done eating? • 对不起，我记错了时间。Duìbuqǐ, wǒ jì cuò le shíjiān.Sorry, I misremembered the time. • 你来晚了，我们已经关门了。Nǐ lái wǎn le, wǒmen yǐjīng guānmén le.You came too late. We're already closed. • 他玩坏了哥哥的玩具。Tā wán huài le gēge de wánjù.He broke his older brother's toy. • 我没吃饱。Wǒ méi chī bǎo.I didn't get full. • 他还没想好。Tā hái méi xiǎng hǎo.He hasn't thought it through yet. • 我们没听清楚，请再说一遍。Wǒmen méi tīng qīngchu, qǐng zài shuō yī biàn.We didn't hear it clearly. Please say it again. When using result complements, it's very common to make the object a topic. This means the object is moved to the beginning of the sentence and the subject is often omitted. Some examples: • 这个字写错了。Zhège zì xiě cuò le.You wrote this character wrong. • 杯子摔坏了。Bēizi shuāi huài le.The cup is broken. • 房间打扫干净了吗？Fángjiān dǎsǎo gānjìng le ma?Is your room all cleaned up?

Exemplos com Falantes Nativos:

你吃好了吗？ (nǐ chī hǎo le ma ？): "Have you eaten"
对不起，我记错了时间。 (dùibùqǐ ，wǒ jì cuò le shíjiān 。): "Sorry, I remembered the wrong time."
你来晚了，我们已经关门了。 (nǐ lái wǎn le ，wǒmen yǐjīng guānmén le 。): "You are late, we are already closed."
他玩坏了哥哥的玩具。 (tā wán huài le gēgē de wánjù 。): "He broke his brother's toy."

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