The "shi... de" patterns: an overview

Nível: HSK 2 | Categoria: Gramática

Explicação da Regra:

An intermediate student of Chinese should be aware of the classic "shi... de" construction. It's important to learn and use. But don't be tempted to think that the "official" 是⋯⋯的 (shì... de) pattern is the only way that 是 and 的 can work together in a sentence! There are multiple ways to use 是 and 的 together, and they can be used for different purposes. This article helps break down the various uses of 是⋯⋯的 and tackle the confusion head-on. If you're a good student, you learned the classic pattern for simple sentences using adjectives long ago (you know, the 你很漂亮 type), and you know that you're not supposed to use 是 in these sentences. But then you may have later come across some sentence patterns--apparently using adjectives--where you have to use 是 (and also 的). These are sentences that use a special type of word (you might think of it as a special class of adjectives, if that helps) called distinguishing words. Subj. + 是 + [Distinguishing Words] + 的 Pay attention to the "distinguishing words" between 是 and 的. • 这个 苹果 是 坏的。Zhège píngguǒ shì huài de.This apple is bad. • 你 错 了 ，那个 人 是 女的。Nǐ cuò le, nàge rén shì nǚ de.You are mistaken. That person is a woman. • 他 家 的 家具 都 是 中式的。Tā jiā de jiājù dōu shì Zhōng shì de.The furniture in his house is all in Chinese style. Other "distinguishing words" include colors, materials, sexes, and other categories that can have no degree.

Exemplos com Falantes Nativos:

• A:你也是大学生？ (A: nǐ yě shì dàxuéshēng ？): "A: Are you also a college student?"
• B:我是中文专业的。 (B: wǒ shì zhōngwén zhuānyè de 。): "B: I am a Chinese major."
• 这个苹果是坏的。 (zhègè píngguǒ shì huàide 。): "This apple is bad."
• 你错了，那个人是女的。 (nǐ cuò le ，nàgè rén shì nv̌de 。): "You are wrong, that person is female."

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